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UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Turkey

1. Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia (in Cappadocia, Nevşehir)

2. Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği (in Sivas)

3. Historic Areas of İstanbul (in İstanbul)

4. Hattusha: the Hittite Capital (in Çorum)

5. Mount Nemrut (Nemrut Dağı) (in Adıyaman)

6. Hierapolis Ancient City and Pamukkale Hot Springs (in Denizli)

7. Xanthos Ancient City (in Antalya) and Letoon Ancient City (in Muğla)

8. Safranbolu Traditional Houses (in Karabük)

9. Archaeological Site of Troy (in Hisarlık, Çanakkale)

10. Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex (in Edirne)

 

Source: website

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Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

1. The Mausoleum (BC 300’s) (in Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey

2. The Artemis Temple at Ephesus (BC 480) (in Selçuk, İzmir, Turkey)

3. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia (BC 400’s) (in Greece)

4. The Colossus of Rhodes (BC 280) (in Rhodes Island, Greece)

5. The Pyramids of Egypt (BC 2650-2500) (in Egypt)

6. The Lighthouse at Alexandria (BC 246) (in Egypt)

7. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (BC 500’s) (in Iraq)

 

Source: website, website

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Philosophers of Turkey

There were famous philosophers who lived in Turkey. Some info is given in the below table:

 

Philosopher

City of Living

Dates of Living

Explanation

More

Thales

Miletus, Söke, Aydın

640-546 BC

Thales is the founder of the philosophy and the first physicist philosopher. He explained earthquakes by imagining that the Earth floats on water, and earthquakes occur when the Earth is rocked by waves. According to him: World is made of water.

website

Anaximander

Miletus, Söke, Aydın

611-547 BC

Anaximander is the student of Thales. According to him: World is made of an indefinite substance.

website

Anaximenes

Miletus, Söke, Aydın

500s BC

Anaximenes is the student of Anaximander. Anaximenes is the first philosopher who came with the opinion of soul. According to him: World is made of air.

website

Heraclitus

Ephesus, Selçuk, İzmir

500s BC

According to him: World is made of fire. Everything flows, nothing stands still. No man can cross the same river twice, because neither the man nor the river are the same.

website

Democritus

Miletus, Söke, Aydın

500s BC

The word and the theory of atom were mentioned for the first time by Democritus. According to him: World is made of atoms.

website

Anaxagoras

 

Kilizman, Urla, İzmir

 

500-428 BC

Anaxagoras introduced the cosmological concept of mind. He regarded material substance as an infinite multitude of imperishable primary elements, referring all generation and disappearance to mixture and separation respectively. According to him: All substance is ordered by an ordering force, the cosmic mind.

website

 

More about philosophers of Turkey: website

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Ecumenical Councils of Christianity

There have been important incidents in the history in Turkey. One of them is the Ecumenical Councils of Christianity.

 

Name

Place

Date

Decisions

More

Council 1 (First Council of İznik)

İznik, Bursa

325

The council defined the equality of God Father and Christ, his son. It taught, that Jesus was of the same substance as God the Father and not just merely similar. The council laid the foundations of the term Trinity.

website

Council 2 (First Council of İstanbul)

İstanbul

381

The council defined the divinity of the Holy Spirit.

website

Council 3 (Council of Ephesus)

Ephesus,

Selçuk, İzmir

431

The council accepted monophysitism (Christ is God and the Virgin Mary is the Mother of God).

website

Council 4 (Council of Kadıköy)

Kadıköy, İstanbul

451

The council rejected the opinion of monophysitism and defined the two natures (divine and human) of Jesus Christ. “We teach unanimously that the one son, our lord Jesus Christ to be fully God and fully human. After that council Syria and Egypt went away from Eastern Rome and accepted the domination of Arabs and became Muslim.

website

Council 5 (Second Council of İstanbul)

İstanbul

553

 

website

Council 6 (Third Council of İstanbul)

İstanbul

680

The council rejected monothelitism (Christ has two natures but only one will) and accepted the opinion that Christ has two natures (divine and human).

website

Council 7 (Second Council of İznik)

İznik, Bursa

787

The council lifted the ban of using icons in churches, rejected iconoclasm, restored of the veneration of icons in churches.

website

 

Note: Above first 7 councils have been recognized by both of Orthodox and Catholic Churches. After these first 7 councils there have been some other councils website, website, website which are recognized by only Orthodox or only Catholic Churches.

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Transcontinental Cities of the World

There are 5 cities on the world which has lands on 2 continents. These cities are called as transcontinental cities and 2 of these cities, İstanbul and Çanakkale, are in Turkey.

 

City

Country

Continents

 

İstanbul

Turkey

Europe - Asia

Çanakkale

Turkey

Europe - Asia

Orenburg

Russia

Europe - Asia

Atyrau

Kazakhstan

Europe - Asia

Suez

Egypt

Asia - Africa

 

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